Britsk\u00fd V\u00fdmenn\u00fd obr\u00e1zkov\u00fd komunika\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m bol vyvinut\u00fd pre nehovoriacich jedincov za \u00fa\u010delom nau\u010denia zru\u010dnostiam funk\u010dnej komunik\u00e1cie. V \u010ceskej republike je tento program zn\u00e1my ako V\u00fdm\u011bnn\u00fd obr\u00e1zkov\u00fd komunika\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m \u2013 VOKS. PECS (Picture Exchange Communication System) sa sp\u00e1ja predov\u0161etk\u00fdm s menami Bondy a Frost, ktor\u00ed \u0161tudovali jeho zavedenie do praxe. Ich cie\u013eom bolo, aby die\u0165a napodob\u0148ovalo komunik\u00e1ciu (sk\u00f4r ne\u017e z\u00e1viselo na podnete od dospel\u00e9ho), aby si na\u0161lo komunika\u010dn\u00e9ho partnera a naviazalo by s n\u00edm kontakt a aby die\u0165a pou\u017eilo jednoduch\u00fd obr\u00e1zok a vyvarovalo by sa tak\u00a0 nedorozumeniam oh\u013eadom zdelenia. Aby sa die\u0165a nau\u010dilo funk\u010dne komunikova\u0165, je nevyhnutn\u00e9, aby s niek\u00fdm naviazalo kontakt a potom predalo zdelenie. A to je nie\u010do, \u010do PECS definit\u00edvne umo\u017e\u0148uje mnoh\u00fdm de\u0165om a dospel\u00fdm s autizmom. Niektor\u00e9 \u00fadaje nasved\u010duj\u00fa tomu, \u017ee u mnoh\u00fdch det\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa p\u00f4vodne u\u010dia komunikova\u0165 t\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom, d\u00f4jde \u010dasom k rozvoju re\u010di. Vyzer\u00e1 to, \u017ee ako n\u00e1hle sa die\u0165a nau\u010d\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 30-100 symbolov ku komunik\u00e1cii za pou\u017eitia PECS, \u010dasto za\u010dn\u00fa hovori\u0165. Mnoh\u00e9 z nich s\u00fa pr\u00edpadne schopn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ku komunik\u00e1cii iba re\u010d a PECS u\u017e nepotrebuj\u00fa.<\/p>\n
PECS pou\u017e\u00edva k nau\u010deniu funk\u010dnej komunik\u00e1cie obr\u00e1zky (\u010dierno-biele alebo farebn\u00e9). Tieto obr\u00e1zky si pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e umiest\u0148uje do knihy so such\u00fdm zipsom. Die\u0165a pou\u017e\u00edva svoju knihu s obr\u00e1zkami na to, aby vytvorilo \u201evetu\u201c pomocou jednotliv\u00fdch obr\u00e1zkov, ktor\u00e9 si samo zvol\u00ed (napr\u00edklad obr\u00e1zok vyjadruj\u00faci \u201echcem\u201c a obr\u00e1zok \u201ed\u017e\u00fas\u201c) a podalo ju svojmu komunika\u010dn\u00e9mu partnerovi. PECS kladie d\u00f4raz\u00a0 na u\u010denie kladenia po\u017eiadaviek viden\u00fdch alebo neviden\u00fdch predmetov, na odpovedanie na ot\u00e1zky (napr\u00edklad \u201e\u010co chce\u0161?\u201c) a na soci\u00e1lne koment\u00e1re (napr\u00edklad \u201eVid\u00edm…\u201c).<\/p>\n
Hlavn\u00fdm zameran\u00edm je inici\u00e1cia komunik\u00e1cie. Predt\u00fdm, ako za\u010dneme komunikova\u0165, mus\u00ed ma\u0165 die\u0165a k za\u010diatku komunik\u00e1cie d\u00f4vod. S\u00fa dva hlavn\u00e9 d\u00f4vody ku komunik\u00e1cii: 1. Z\u00edska\u0165 konkr\u00e9tne predmety, udalosti alebo jednanie. 2. Z\u00edska\u0165 soci\u00e1lne odmeny, medzi ktor\u00e9 patr\u00ed pozornos\u0165 alebo pochvala. U\u00a0 mal\u00e9ho die\u0165a\u0165a s autizmom obvykle soci\u00e1lne odmeny nie s\u00fa efekt\u00edvnymi motiva\u010dn\u00fdmi prvkami. Z toho d\u00f4vodu bude efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie u\u010di\u0165 komunik\u00e1ciu na veciach, ktor\u00e9 m\u00e1 die\u0165a rado.<\/p>\n
K\u013e\u00fa\u010dom k \u00faspechu PECS alebo in\u00e9ho typu komunika\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu je, \u017ee je pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd tak \u010dasto, ako je to len mo\u017en\u00e9. Aby bol tento syst\u00e9m efekt\u00edvny nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 jeho pou\u017eitie rozvrhova\u0165 len do kr\u00e1tkych \u010dasov\u00fdch intervalov behom ur\u010ditej situ\u00e1cie. Tento syst\u00e9m treba ch\u00e1pa\u0165 ako komunika\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m die\u0165a\u0165a, nie\u010do, \u010do je v mnoh\u00fdch situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch potenci\u00e1lne n\u00e1pomocn\u00e9.<\/p>\n
Zdroj: Bondy, A., Frost, L. Vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed komunika\u010dn\u00ed strategie v autismu. Praha: Grada Publishing, 2007.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Britsk\u00fd V\u00fdmenn\u00fd obr\u00e1zkov\u00fd komunika\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m bol vyvinut\u00fd pre nehovoriacich jedincov za \u00fa\u010delom nau\u010denia zru\u010dnostiam funk\u010dnej komunik\u00e1cie. V \u010ceskej republike je tento program zn\u00e1my ako V\u00fdm\u011bnn\u00fd obr\u00e1zkov\u00fd komunika\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m \u2013 VOKS. PECS (Picture Exchange Communication System) sa sp\u00e1ja predov\u0161etk\u00fdm s menami Bondy a Frost, ktor\u00ed \u0161tudovali jeho zavedenie do praxe. Ich cie\u013eom bolo, aby die\u0165a napodob\u0148ovalo […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-metody"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.acrubikon.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.acrubikon.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.acrubikon.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.acrubikon.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.acrubikon.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.acrubikon.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.acrubikon.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.acrubikon.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.acrubikon.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}